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Document Title: Ettlinger-AJSM-Sep95.shtml
Article Title: A Method to Help Reduce the Risk of Serious Knee Sprains Incurred in Alpine Skiing
Authors: Carl F. Ettlinger, MS, Robert J. Johnson, MD, and Jasper E. Shealy, PhD
Location: Vermont Safety Research, Underhill Center, and University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, and Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York
Publication: American Journal of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
Date: September-October 1995.
Volume 23, Number 5, pages 531-537
Keywords: Alpine skiing, ACL injuries, prevention.
(Figures included. Reference-denoting numbers appear in the same point size as the document text.)
Comments: This article is a classic with regards to alpine-skiing knee-injury prevention. Readers might wish to inquire at their local public libraries for further material from Vermont Safety Research (either the training video or the ACL Awareness Training Handbook).
ABSTRACT
The incidence of severe anterior cruciate ligament sprains was once only a third the current rate. This fact led the authors to believe a means to help reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury among skiers might be found. Using videotapes of the occurrences of anterior cruciate ligament sprains in alpine skiers and the data associated with more than 1400 anterior cruciate ligament injuries observed in a 22-year study, the authors identified two common mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury. From this information, a study was designed to determine if training could help reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament sprains. During the 1993 to 1994 season, the on-slope staff from 20 ski areas participated in a training program involving viewing videotaped scenes where knee injuries occurred. Data from 22 ski areas, where staff were not exposed to the training, were assembled to form a control group. Data concerning anterior cruciate ligament injuries were collected from both groups for the three seasons 1991 to 1994. A total of 179 serious knee sprains were evaluated. Serious knee sprains declined by 62% among trained patrollers and instructors compared with the two previous seasons, but no decline occurred in the control group.
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