Document Title: Mandelbaum-AJSM-Jul05.shtml
Article Title: Effectiveness of a Neuromuscular and Proprioceptive Training Program in Preventing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries in Female Athletes: 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Bert R. Mandelbaum, MD, Holly J. Silvers, MPT, Diane S. Watanabe, MA, ATC, John F. Knarr, PT, ATC, Stephen D. Thomas, MPT, Letha Y. Griffin, MD, Donald T. Kirkendall, PhD and William Garrett, Jr, MD, PhD
Publication: American Journal of Sports Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
Date: July 2005
Volume 33, pages 1003-1010
Keywords: anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention, soccer, athletics, cutting-type sports, plant-and-twist sports, jump height, performance, neuromusculaur training, proprioception, jumping, plyometrics.

(Reference-denoting numbers appear in the same font and point size as the document text. As with all Knee Library documents, this article is provided in full-text form. There are no figures in this article; only tables.)

Comments: This study shows that neuromuscular and proprioceptive training (for example, an organized program such as Cincinnati Sportsmetrics) can be expected to bring direct and very tangible benefits. These benefits extend not only to the realm of injury prevention, but include improved athletic performance (better endurance, higher jump height, etc.). Although this study focuses on females, the same benefits apply to males as well.

ABSTRACT

Background: Among female athletes it has not been established whether a neuromuscular and proprioceptive sports-specific training program will consistently reduce the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries.

Purpose: To determine whether a neuromuscular and proprioceptive performance program was effective in decreasing the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injury within a select population of competitive female youth soccer players.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods: In 2000, 1041 female subjects from 52 teams received a sports-specific training intervention in a prospective non-randomized trial. The control group consisted of the remaining 1905 female soccer players from 95 teams participating in the same league who were age and skill matched. In the 2001 season, 844 female athletes from 45 teams were enrolled in the study, with 1913 female athletes (from 112 teams) serving as the age- and skill-matched controls. All subjects were female soccer players between the ages of 14 and 18 and participated in either their traditional warm-up or a sports-specific training intervention before athletic activity over a 2-year period. The intervention consisted of education, stretching, strengthening, plyometrics, and sports-specific agility drills designed to replace the traditional warm-up.

Results: During the 2000 season, there was an 88% decrease in anterior cruciate ligament injury in the enrolled subjects compared to the control group. In year 2, during the 2001 season, there was a 74% reduction in anterior cruciate ligament tears in the intervention group compared to the age- and skill-matched controls.

Conclusion: Using a neuromuscular training program may have a direct benefit in decreasing the number of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female soccer players.

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